Axial variation of physical properties of Bambusa longispiculata and Gigantochloa apus in the Peruvian Amazon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63618/omd/ssjm/v4/n3/77Keywords:
bamboo, basic density, dimensional stability, moisture content, physical propertiesAbstract
This study evaluated the axial variation of the physical properties of Bambusa longispiculata and Gigantochloa apus from Tingo Maria, Peruvian Amazon. Five mature culms per species were selected, and specimens were obtained from the base, middle and apex levels, following NTC 5525 and NTC 5300 criteria. Saturated moisture content, basic density and tangential, radial and longitudinal shrinkage were determined. Saturated moisture content was higher at the base and decreased toward the apex, with the highest value recorded in the base of Gigantochloa apus (79.602%) and lower values at the apex of both species. Basic density showed moderate variation, ranging from 0.657 to 0.770 g/cm³. Shrinkage showed a clear decreasing axial gradient, with higher values at the base and lower values at the apex, especially for radial and tangential shrinkage. Hierarchical clustering mainly separated groups according to height level rather than species. It is concluded that the axial position of the culm strongly affects dimensional stability; therefore, material selection should consider the culm level and not only the species.
Downloads
References
Adier, M. F. V., Sevilla, M. E. P., Valerio, D. N. R., & Ongpeng, J. M. C. (2023). Bamboo as sustainable building materials: A systematic review of properties, treatment methods, and standards. Buildings, 13(10), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102449
Awotwe-Mensah, M., Mitchual, S. J., Appiah-Kubi, E., Dadzie, P. K., Mensah, P., & Donkor, M. B. (2023). Assessment of the drying behaviour of young and mature Bambusa vulgaris from Ghana. Advances in Bamboo Science, 5, 100044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2023.100044
do Amaral, L. M., Molari, L., & Savastano, H. (2025). Swelling and shrinking behaviour of bamboo and its application on a hygro-mechanical model. Wood Science and Technology, 59(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-025-01631-z
do Amaral, L. M., Rodrigues, C. de S., & Poggiali, F. S. J. (2023). Assessment of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Dendrocalamus asper bamboo after application of wetting and drying cycles. Advances in Bamboo Science, 2, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2022.100014
Hartono, R., Iswanto, A. H., Priadi, T., Herawati, E., Farizky, F., Sutiawan, J., & Sumardi, I. (2022). Physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of six bamboo from Sumatera Island Indonesia and its potential applications for composite materials. Polymers, 14(22), 4868. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14224868
Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación. (2007). Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 5525: Métodos de ensayo para determinar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la guadua angustifolia Kunth. ICONTEC.
Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación. (2008). Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 5300: Cosecha y poscosecha de los culmos de guadua angustifolia Kunth. ICONTEC.
International Organization for Standardization. (2019). ISO 22157:2019 Bamboo structures—Determination of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo culms—Test methods. ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/65950.html
Jia, H., Chen, L., Fang, C., Liu, H., Ma, X., Zhang, X., Fei, B., & Sun, F. (2023). Visual evaluation of warehousing humidity and time on bamboo performance. Industrial Crops and Products, 194, 116334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116334
Jiang, T., Feng, X., Xia, Z., Deng, S., & Wang, X. (2024). Gradient variation and correlation analysis of physical and mechanical properties of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Materials, 17(9), 2069. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092069
Li, Z., Xiang, E., Yang, C., Huang, H., Jiang, J., & Lyu, J. (2025). Radial variation in the sorption behavior of water-saturated bamboo with graded fibrous structure. Construction and Building Materials, 494, 143324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.143324
Madhushan, S., Buddika, S., Bandara, S., Navaratnam, S., & Abeysuriya, N. (2023). Uses of bamboo for sustainable construction—A structural and durability perspective—A review. Sustainability, 15(14), 11137. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411137
Marasigan, O. S., & Daguinod, S. A. (2025). Characterization and potential utilization of string bamboo (Gigantochloa apus). BIOTROPIA, 32(3), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2506
Maulana, M. I., Jeon, W. S., Purusatama, B. D., Nawawi, D. S., Nikmatin, S., Sari, R. K., Hidayat, W., Febrianto, F., Kim, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Kim, N.-H. (2021). Variation of anatomical characteristics within the culm of the three Gigantochloa species from Indonesia. BioResources, 16(2), 3596–3606. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3596-3606
Mou, Q., Hao, X., Xu, K., Li, X., & Li, X. (2022). Hygroexpansion behaviors of bamboo in response to moisture absorption and desorption. Construction and Building Materials, 341, 127895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127895
Portal-Cahuana, L. A., Caceres Velarde, A., & Pires de Moura Palermo, G. (2023). Anatomical and variation of physical properties in the axial direction of three bamboo species in the eastern Amazon of Peru. Scientia Agropecuaria, 14(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.004
Wang, M., Harries, K. A., Zhao, Y., Xu, Q., Wang, Z., & Leng, Y. (2022). Variation of mechanical properties of P. edulis (Moso) bamboo with moisture content. Construction and Building Materials, 324, 126629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126629
Wang, X., Zhang, S., Chen, L., Huang, B., Fang, C., Ma, X., Liu, H., Sun, F., & Fei, B. (2022). Effects of pith ring on the hygroscopicity and dimensional stability of bamboo. Industrial Crops and Products, 184, 115027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115027
Wei, X., Wang, G., Smith, L. M., & Jiang, H. (2021). The hygroscopicity of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) with a gradient fiber structure. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 15, 4309–4316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.10.038
Yuan, J., Chen, L., Mi, B., Lei, Y., Yan, L., & Fei, B. (2023). Synergistic effects of bamboo cells during shrinkage process. Industrial Crops and Products, 193, 116232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116232
Yuan, J., Fang, C., Chen, Q., & Fei, B. (2021). Observing bamboo dimensional change caused by humidity. Construction and Building Materials, 309, 124988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124988
Zhang, Y., Xu, H., Li, J., & Wang, H. (2024). Unraveling the inhibition of bamboo node on dry shrinkage: Insights from the specific vascular structure of bamboo node. Industrial Crops and Products, 211, 118193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118193
Zhang, Z., Rao, F., & Wang, Y. (2022). Morphological, chemical, and physical–mechanical properties of a clumping bamboo (Thyrsostachys oliveri) for construction applications. Polymers, 14(17), 3681. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173681
Zhao, W., Chen, K., Peng, H., Chen, H., Zhan, T., Cai, L., & Lyu, J. (2025). Moisture migration, strain evolution, and cracking behavior of round bamboo during drying: A gradient structure-based study. Construction and Building Materials, 502, 144470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.144470
Zhu, J., Tan, Y., Chen, K., Peng, H., Zhu, L., Zhu, L., Jiang, J., Lyu, J., & Zhan, T. (2024). Evaluation of transverse shrinking and swelling of bamboo using digital image correlation technique. Industrial Crops and Products, 211, 118274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118274
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Geronimo-Macedo, Fiorella Lynn, Pecho-de la Cruz, Robert Gilbert, Santos-Flores, Cleide, Ochoa-Cuya, Ricardo, Daza-Panduro, Gunter (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
: